Future Simple 'Will / Shall'

FUTURE SIMPLE 'Will / Shall'



SUBJECT + WILL (EVERY PERSON) + INFINITIVE + (Complements)
SHALL (FIRST PERSON singular and plural = I + We)


STATEMENT
I shall visit London next summer
We shall eat at nine o’clock
You will come tomorrow by car

NEGATION
I shall not visit London next summer
We shall not eat at nine o’clock
You will not come tomorrow by car
• SHALL + NOT = SHAN´T
• WILL + NOT = WON`T

INTERROGATION
Shall I visit London next summer?
Shall we eat at nine o’clock?
Will you come tomorrow by car?

TIME EXPRESSIONS:

• AT (Hours) / ON (Days of the Week) / IN (Months, Years and Centuries)
• IN THE FUTURE / IN X YEARS’ TIME / ONE DAY
• NEXT (hour, day, month, …)
• WHEN / AS SOON AS


USES:

• Habitual or repeated actions in the future: Birds will return in Spring
• Statement of future fact: The ticket for the match will cost five pounds
• Opinions, assumptions, beliefs, doubts, hopes or fears about the future:
They are sure they will win the race
I am afraid you will lose the match
• With verbs of perception and emotion:
I shall never forget him
She will always hate you
You will see Mary tomorrow morning
• 1st Conditional Clauses: If he comes, I will go with him

WILL:
1 To express requests: Will you come with me to do the shopping?
2 As a promise: I will remind you to buy some more butter
3 As a determination: We will go, you cannot stop us

SHALL:
1 To express offers: Shall I open the window?
2 To express suggestions: Shall we go to the cinema this evening?
3 With 2nd or 3rd persons (singular and plural) when the subject has to do something or it is prohibited from doing something:
- OBLIGATION: They shall stay home whether they want or not
- PROHIBITION: You shall not go out until you finish your homework
(Bible: ‘Thou shalt not…) 10 COMMITMENTS

Future Simple 'Going to'

FUTURE SIMPLE (GOING TO)
(Near / Intention Future)



SUBJECT + AM / ARE / IS + GOING TO + Infinitive + (Complements)

STATEMENT
I am going to watch TV tonight
She is going to read some books now
They are going to listen to the radio

NEGATION
I am not going to watch TV tonight
She is not going to read some books now
They are not going to listen to the radio

INTERROGATION
Am I going to watch TV tonight?
Is she going to read some books now?
Are they going to listen to the radio?

TIME EXPRESSIONS:

• AT (Hours) / ON (Days of the Week) / IN (Months, Years and Centuries)
• SOON / LATER
• TONIGHT / TOMORROW / NEXT (hour, day, month, …)

USES:

• To express proximity in the future: They are going to watch a film
• To express intention in the future: I am going to marry her
• To express probability in the future: It is going to rain tomorrow morni